The Cost Of Idealism Setting The Appropriate Minimum Wage

The Cost of Idealism: Setting the Appropriate Minimum Wage Blake Kaiser-Lack Williams Economics 19 November 2015 In Seattle this past August, Ritu Shah Burnham and his 11 co-workers at a small ZPizza lost their jobs and business to one seemingly beneficial culprit: the minimum wage. After huge wage hikes in cities like Seattle, San Francisco, and Oakland, small businesses similar to Burnham’s have been following suit due to increased labor costs that eradicate businesses’ ability for self-sustainability. But how can such a pure-hearted idea cause such economic degradation across the entire nation? Pure intentions do not always breed good policy, and the cost of idealism†¦. When the first federal minimum†¦show more content†¦Like anything, labor is a commodity. It has costs, a fixed supply, and a shifting demand. The goal of any business is to find the equilibrium point of this commodity. For every business, that will be different. But if the minimum wage reflects social needs over economic needs, then it is artificial. Although the idea of Congress raising the federal minimum wage is well-intentioned, its effects on states with varying costs of living will be radically disproportionate, while a wage that is too high will lead to negative consequences for consumers, employees, and businesses alike without stimulating the economy, ultimately hurting the very people the wage hike seeks to help. When it comes to raising the minimum wage, a state by state approach is one of the only effective ways to properly handle the diverse costs of living across the nation. This is because the cost of living across states is highly disproportionate as some states won’t be able to handle the wage increases while some will be unaffected. Created by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Price Parities (RPP), a type of price index that measures price differences across regions, shows this exact trend. With a national average RPP of 100, states like Mississippi with an RPP of 86.4 and Hawaii with 117.2 show this distinct difference as these states have an RPP difference of more than 30, meaning high price differences. In easier to understand terms, a wage of say $10.10

Sustainability Reporting Of The United States - 1672 Words

Abstract Sustainability reporting in the United States is still a work in progress. While more countries around the world are requiring companies to report the effects of their business activities as part of their annual report, this practice is still voluntary in the US. Even though sustainability reporting is not required, companies generally disclose sustainable information on their websites or through social media. Being social responsible builds a certain type of bond that brings internal and external stakeholders together. Many companies in the US have taken action and developed their corporate governance model that will meet their needs as well as the needs of the people around them, thus creating a better environment for shareholders and stakeholders. Currently, most companies that issue sustainability reporting follow the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards guidelines. The GRI standards are designed to achieve transparency, and it has become the most common set of standards used amongst organizations for sustainability reporting. This research paper was written with the purpose of providing some answers as to why sustainability reporting in the United States should be mandated by regulators. The paper briefly describes the GRI standards and guidelines, the benefits of sustainability reporting, some relative advantages limitations in adopting sustainability reporting, as well as provides a few examples of companies that have successfully adoptedShow MoreRelatedSustainability and Triple Bottom Line Reporting Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the longevity of the organization. The successful business understands the concept of sustainability and sustainable development. 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Organizational Culture Marketing Strategy and Plan

Question: Task 1- 1.1 Company overview (M S) A brief background on the company 1.2 Company overview (NISA local) A brief background on the company Understand the relationship between Organisational Structure and Culture 2.1 What is organisational structure and culture? (AC1.1) Define organisational structure Give examples of different organisational structures e.g. functional, Product, Centralised, de-centralised, geographically based, Matrix) Define organisational culture Give examples of Role, power, person, task culture. You can also mention norms, values and beliefs here also) 2.2 Compare and contrast the organisational structure and culture MS and NISA local This can be done in a table format: 2.4 Impact on performance (AC1.2) Define performance Explain how the relationship between organisational structure and culture can have an impact on the performance of MS. (Look at this from a positive and a negative point of view) 2.5 Influence on individual behaviour (AC1.3) State the factors that influence behaviour at work (For example: Motivation, Culture, Satisfaction of employees, Adaptability of the organisation-organisational change, Management, Leadership, Up-bringing, Education and training etc.) Pick 2 factors and define them Then state how they impact on behaviour in the work-place? Task 2- Understand different approaches to management and leadership ( AC2.1, 2.2, 3.3) 3.1 Leadership styles (AC2.1) Define leadership State which styles are used in MS and NISA local, this can be done in a table format: Explain further which style is more effective and why? 3.2 Management styles (AC2.2) Define management Pick 1 management theory and explain how it has affected the practice of management today generally. (Examples are Scientific, Bureaucratic, Classical Admin, Contingency, Systems, and Human Relations. 3.3 Management approaches Task 3 Leadership and motivation 4.1 Changing leadership style Define change management Explain how the change in leadership/CEO can have an impact on staff. (Motivation and satisfaction). Find examples in MS when Sir Stuart Rose left and Marc Bolland took over. 4.2 Motivational theory Define motivation Compare 2 motivational theories; this can be down in a table format. How useful do you think these motivational theories are to managers today ( look at the positive and negative points)? Answer: Introduction According to (Writing, 2015), Organizational Behaviour is the field of study that analyzes the performance of the individuals as well as group within an organization in corporate industry. MS (Marks Spencer) is one of the UK based leading retailer. It is specializing in selling high quality home products, clothing and luxury food products to the customers. NISA Local is a unique member owned organization, which helps independent retailers remain competitive in the food and drink markets. Relationship Between Organizational Structure And Culture Organizational Structure Organizational structure defines how the tasks are to be divided, coordinated and grouped in organizations. By structure, it means how the leadership is to be chosen, how decisions are to be made and how the members are to be accepted. Functional Organizational Structure In functional structure, the activities are to be grouped together by some functions such as procurement, production, marketing, research and development. For example, the senior managers of various areas reported to the director who has the responsibility of various operational areas. Product Organizational Structure Product based organizational structure separates a company by geography, products, projects and activities. For example, an executive of Kraft products would also be responsible for all types of products under that label. Centralized organizational structure The decisions are to be taken by top level managers. For example, in a trucking company, the manager takes the operational decisions and sends information to all drivers individually through dispatches. Decentralized organizational structure In decentralized organization, the decisions are to be taken by both mid level as well as low level managers. For example, franchise organizations which control the development of the product and also take staffing decisions. Geographically based organizational structure All business units are allowed to operate into geographical units and they report to the central headquarter who administers the functions such as marketing and planning. For example, support representative in India would only be able to speak with their customers from India. Matrix organizational structure In matrix structure, there is multiple numbers of reporting lines that means there are more than one formal manager. For example, in matrix structure, the individuals from finance, product and marketing departments have discussions with each other about formulating the strategies (Writing, 2015). Organizational Culture It is the set of attitudes as well as beliefs of the employees and the management that will help to influence the behaviour of the employees within an organization. Power culture: Sir Alan Sugars organization, where all the decisions are to be taken by Alan such as wages of employees, who will get selected etc. It shows that one person can control over the whole organization. Role culture: It is based on the structure of the organization and work is to be decided via rules and regulations. An example is MS where one person will not control the whole business but many other people should take decisions depending on their job role. Task culture: It makes team to perform a task. Every individual in the team will have different skills, so no one has a special position to take the decisions. For example, London 2012 Olympics is task culture as many people worked together to complete the project. Person culture: An individual person has the authority to take decisions regarding tasks and activities. Example includes doctors, surgeons, barristers etc (A Baker, 2015). Organization Structure And Culture Of MS And Nisa Local Organization Structure Culture MS Flat organizational structure (Administrative level to front line employees) Quick turnover Honesty Hard work No frills attached NISA Local Corporate Structure (Industrial advisory Board Centre Site Director University policy committee) Corporate culture In case of MS, the original culture is derived from the founders family. The culture is based on honesty, hard working, and quick turnover and also no frills attached. In MS it can be seen that these values are evolved into the companys culture. A flat organizational structure is to be followed by MS. Difference On Structure And Culture The organizational structure of NISA Local consists of Industrial Advisory Board (IAB), University Policy Committee (UPC) as well as Centre Site Director. IAB makes the recommendations on projects and Centre Directory manages the operations of Centre, which acts as a liaison with university administration and members of the companies (Janiijevi, 2015). Impact On Performance Performance is the required output of an organization that is to be measured against its goals as well as objectives. The culture of MS plays an important role to understand their organizational performance. The following list of beliefs as well as values is to be found by MS: The quality of the products are to be offered at reasonable prices The employees are to promoted within the organization The company have to build their long lasting reputation in the marketplace MS does not take the advantage of the experienced staffs who know the demand of the customers; it leads to bureaucratic structure which should hamper the flexibility of their business.The structure of MS has an impact on the performance of their business. The structure has shaped with the strategy of MS. Influence On Individual Behaviour Motivation: Motivation is a feature that motivates the individuals to act towards a desired goal. In the workplace, the motivational factors that motivate the employees to perform are achievement, growth, social status, power, rewards etc. Leadership: Leadership is the action of motivating the employees to achieve the goal. Leaders play an important role to influence the behaviour of the individuals. Leaders help the employees in their work, guide them and upgrade the knowledge area (MacDonald, 2015). Impact Of Individual Behaviours At Work The companys performance depends upon the performance of the employees that how the individuals should communicate with each other. If there is a lack of communication between the individual and other members of the group then it will affect the performance of the company. Different Approaches Of Management And Leadership Styles: Leadership Styles: According to Crosby and Bryson, (2005), Leadership is a process, by which members of a team are motivated to achieve the goals. There are various types of leadership styles. But the most commonly used leadership styles are Autocratic, Democratic, Paternalistic, Bureaucratic, Laissez Faire, Charismatic and Missionary leadership style. M S (Marc Bolland) NISA local Leadership Styles Followed Follows Consultative style of leadership, which is defined as the style which focuses more on the experiences, skills and ideas of others. NISA local follows Democratic or Participative leadership style. Examples The marketing department of M S before launching new product in the market, they consult with the others of their organization and then they rush straight for launching a new range of product. NISA local is association of many retailers, thus before taking any decision; the leader needs the help of the others. Consultative style of leadership includes those managers who usually have more listening power and thus, want to consult with the other members of the company before making any decision and implementing it, for more sources of opinion. On the other hand, Democratic/ Participative leadership style allows the followers to participate in decision making process and encourages them to demonstrate interest, initiative, drive, imagination and creativity for enriching the plans of the organization. Management Styles: In order to achieve specific goals, the coordination of the activities is known as management. On the other hand, management styles are the specific ways or manner of making decisions and managing the staffs and their job activities in the organization (Mahajan, 2011). Generally, there are many management theories, like Bureaucratic, Scientific, Administrative, Systems, Classical, Human Relations and Contingency. Max Weber (1864 - 1920), is the Father of Bureaucratic Management Theory. This theory is based on the principles stated by Frederick Taylor in his scientific management theory. Like, Taylor, Weber also put stress on efficiency, but also warned about the danger of emphasizing technology at the cost of emotion (Dr.S.Saraswathi, 2011). All the above stated key elements of Bureaucratic Theory are affecting todays management effectively (Trondal, 2011). For example, now a days, in any organization, a clear job role is stated by the employer during the process of an interview only, the hierarchy is maintained from the senior most post like manager to lower designations like assistant manager, officer, clerks accordingly. Lastly, choosing the right people for the right job has become essential in order to execute the task effectively (Donohoe, 2012). Management Approaches: M S leadership team NISA local Management style Bureaucratic style is followed, which is defined as the leadership where by adding control layers, power, problems are solved. Contingency style is followed here. According to this approach, managers have to manage and take decisions, analyzing the total situations. Example M S is Bureaucratic as decisions are taken according to pre defined plans and actions are taken accordingly. NISA is an association of different retailers, there may be times when different conflicts arise among the members. Bureaucratic style is better as all decisions are taken with utmost importance and all disagreements or conflicts are removed at each stage. Contingency style is based on making decisions according to the situations and as such accurate decision making becomes difficult here. Leadership And Motivation: Change in Leadership Style: Generally, change management is defined as a systematic approach to deal with both the changes that is, the change from perspective of a firm as well as the individual. Both motivation and job satisfaction are affected when the leader and his leadership style is changed, as with the change in the leadership style, the motivating factor, the importance of the employee for the organization, all changes. These changes may be positive or may be negative. In case of M S, when Marc Bolland took over the leadership, the following successful changes in management took place. They are M S was in huge losses when Marc took over and was facing stiff competition from rivals such as Next. Sales increases and profit is reported for the first time in 4 years. New A line collection launched, customers react favourably and thus, sales get a boost. Motivational Theory: Motivation is defined as the process that accounts for the passion, persistence and direction of achieving a goal of an individual. There are four motivational theories. Two of them are compared below: MASLOWS THEORY HERZBERGS THEORY MOTIVATIONAL THEORY It is based on the concept of human needs and satisfaction (Cakmur, 2011). It is based on the use of motivators. It includes five sets of human needs and their satisfaction (Cakmur, 2011). Motivating and hygiene factors are involved (Weidler, 2012) It is simple and descriptive. It is more complex. It is quite popular in developing countries. It is the extension of Maslows theory (Morgan, 2012). It is descriptive in nature It is prescriptive in nature. EXAMPLES OF M S By helping staff reach their goals at work and praise and reward them for doing well. Proper working conditions and responsibilities are provided so that the employees themselves feel motivated to work (Cans Dars, 2013) . Useful of Motivational Theories: It puts human resources into action Level of efficiency of employees are improved Organizational goals are achieved Friendly relationship is built On the other hand, control is needed, over stress, extremely task-oriented leadership may cause harm to the employees. Groups, teams and behaviours Groups and teams Group A group consists of individuals those interact with each other in such a way that the action of one person have an impact on others person. The members of the group identify each other by their similar traits. In an organization, most of the work is done in groups. In a group, the people are feeling desire to contribute within a group and they are capable to coordinate the efforts that have very high level of performance. Group and teams are different from each other based on orientation of task, formal structure as well as due to familiarity among the team members (Shin, 2014). Formal and Informal group In an organization there are two types of groups: Informal group and formal group. In formal group, the group is made of managers, associates as well as subordinates those influence the behaviours of the members in the group. In informal group, it is made of two or more than two individuals those are associates with each other. Group type Behaviour in MS Eg- Formal Management team The management team provides support, give advice, lead, inspire and coach their team to meet with the customers expectations. Eg- Informal Who lunch together They are associated with each other and have a mutual relationship between them. Teamwork The people in the organization perform teamwork when the workers combine the skills of their individuals to achieve the goals. Therefore, the word teamwork originates from the concept of team and it refers to do work in group. Factors that promote teamwork in MS Factors that hider teamwork in MS Diversity Communication Leadership Team building exercises Focusing on goals Compensation Communication Deal with conflict A team is always driven by goals. In order to have effective team, the goals are to be spelled out in advance and it will be understood by the team members. A team will be successful in their work when the team members understand their compensation for their efforts. If the members of the team feel that they are compensated fairly, then it can lead to productivity. Communication between team members as well as management and communication between team members are developing the performance of the team. The managers of MS hold meetings with the team members to update the information. Conflict between the team members tends to throw the members out from the team as it will affect the goals and objectives of their business. Technology and Teams Team dynamics have an impact on the performance of the team. It is the force that operates between the groups in the team. Technology has an impact on the team dynamics, these technologies are Skype, webinars, conference calling, instant messaging etc. Skype: It is a way to see other team members during phone calls and Skype call and this will help the team feel more connected to one another. Webinars: When the team spread out in the same office or same geographic locations then Webinars is a solution to communicate with the team members. Conference calling: Conference calls is effective way to communicate with the team members but sometimes it loses their value as more members are included in the call. Instant messaging: When two colleagues are working on a specific tasks, then they have to build a strong relationships with each other, the way is instant messaging. But sometimes, the interaction between the team members can arise some tension and conflict with each other. The change in technology has an impact within MS. When the team members are located geographically then they are using the technology to communicate with each other within the team (Duranti Carvalho de Almeida, 2012). They are doing conference call but sometimes it losses the value as more than two individuals participate in the call, thus it causes a conflict between them on an issue. It causes tension in the workplace. The key business terminology as well as application in MS is to grow its business to reduce its dependency. Their business is built of innovation, integrity, inspiration etc. Their key features are to secure the profitable growth as well as build their business for the long term. Conclusion It is being concluded that the organizational structure of MS is flat whereas the NISA local have corporate structure. This structure is to be used for decision making and to decrease the bureaucracy. As there are less management levels so communication between the managers and employees become easy. The culture of MS plays an important role to understand their organizational performance. The companys performance depends upon the performance of the employees that how the individuals should communicate with each other. MS follows the consultative style of leadership that includes those managers who usually have more listening power. NISA local follows Democratic or Participative leadership style. The team members play an active role in the decision making process. The factors that promote teamwork in MS are diversity, leadership whereas that hinder in MS is focusing on goals, compensation. Reference List A Baker, K. (2015). Organizational Culture. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/doe/benchmark/ch11.pdf [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015]. Cakmur, H. (2011). Concept and Evaluation of Job Satisfaction: Developed Job Satisfaction Index.TAF Prev Med Bull, p.1. Cans Dars, L. (2013). An algorithm to identify the most motivated employees.Management Decision, 51(4), pp.813-823. Dalton, D. and Todor, W. (2015). Organizational Structure and Performance. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/257804?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015]. Donohoe, T. (2012). Getting the right job!.Primary Teacher Update, 2012(8), pp.8-10. Dr.S.Saraswathi, D. (2011). Leadership Styles in Organizations an Empirical Study.IJAR, 1(11), pp.73-75. Duranti, C., Carvalho de Almeida, F. (2012). Is More Technology Better for Communication in International Virtual Teams?.International Journal Of E-Collaboration,8(1), 36-52. doi:10.4018/jec.2012010103 Janiijevi, N. (2015). THE MUTUAL IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND STRUCTURE. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0013-3264/2013/0013-32641398035J.pdf [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015]. MacDonald, L. (2015). Impacts of Organizational Behavior in Business. [online] Small Business - Chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/impacts-organizational-behavior-business-48407.html [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015]. Mahajan, S. (2011). Study on Leadership Styles and Theories.IJAR, 4(3), pp.281-282. Morgan, J. (2012). The Personal Meaning of Social Values in the Work of Abraham Maslow.IJPR, 6(1), pp.75-93. O'Donnell, O. and Boyle, R. (2015). Understanding and Managing Organisational Culture. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.cpmr.gov.ie/Documents/Understanding%20and%20Managing%20Organisational%20Culture.pdf [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015]. Shin, Y. (2014). Positive Group Affect and Team Creativity: Mediation of Team Reflexivity and Promotion Focus.Small Group Research,45(3), 337-364. doi:10.1177/1046496414533618 Trondal, J. (2011). Bureaucratic Structure and Administrative Behaviour: Lessons from International Bureaucracies.West European Politics, 34(4), pp.795-818. Weidler, D. (2012). Motivating responsiveness in the interdependent mind.PsycCRITIQUES, 57(4). Writing, A. (2015). Different Types of Organizational Structure. [online] Small Business - Chron.com. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/different-types-organizational-structure-723.html [Accessed 26 Jun. 2015].

Information Technology and Economic Performance

2187Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology and Economic Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A summary of a critical review on the empirical evidence This study was carried out to explore the relationship between IT and economic performance. Initial surveys showed no connection between IT and economic performance at the three levels: firm, industry and the whole economy (Roach, 1991, p. 86). Following those results, the research led to a productivity paradox that pushed many researchers to carry out further investigation on the relationship between the two aspects. The subsequent research indicated a positive relationship between the Information Technology and economic performance at level of firms and the whole economy (Jorgenson, 2001, p. 23). From an overview, the review of this literature is divided into three parts for easy conceptualization of the whole study. This is at firm, indus try and aggregate economy levels. The three levels are further subdivided into subtopics in order to capture a wider area of the review (Dedrick, Vijay Kraemer, 2003, p. 7). The review also indicated variance on the amount of payoffs resulting from IT investment among several firms. Firms that used their IT productively reported high returns in relation to IT investment. It also indicated that management practices have an impact on the variance of payoffs among several companies. A company that effectively integrated IT with its business strategy, human resource management strategy and relocation of resources experienced high return. Conversely, the research failed to provide a clear relationship between profitability and IT investment partly due to inability to quantify most of unobservable aspects that create value in a firm. The use of IT has substituted the use of labor. This particularly has led to decrease of low skilled labor while demanding high skilled labor in organizatio ns (Dewan, 1997, p. 1666). The review further depicted a positive relationship between economic growth and IT investment for developed countries (Dedrick, Vijay Kraemer, 2003, p. 19). In spite of this achievement, the review calls for more accurate research that would enable to expand on the relationship between IT capital and financial performance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The managerial implication of IT and economic performance This article has a number of implications on the managerial performance as discussed below. Efficiency of processes and quality of both services and products Information Technology has today increased the efficiency of the processes of production. It has also led to significant reduction of the cost of production following the decrease in the large number of low skilled labor. This has enhanced the capacity of managers in making more profit due to low production costs. The efficiency in production has enabled managers to produce high quality products. These products commonly meet customer’s requirements or otherwise perceived to be of higher value in relation to similar products offered at the market. This gives a firm competitive advantage over other similar firms and thus managers should be on the forefront to embrace the Information Technology (Pohjola, 2001, p. 253). IT with communication and global transactions The introduction of IT has also improved communication between the management, employees, customers, various organizations and other stakeholders. Emails and other electronic ways of sending information have raised the level of coordination among business stakeholders (Litan Rivilin, 2001, p. 315). The existence of e-commerce has enabled managers to do transact business globally. This has further escalated profits for the business and enhanced managerial performance. Database system for storage of organization data The availability of a database system has helped management to keep all data related to business activities. This data will act as a benchmark in predicting future performance as they generate trend. The past data is arranged on a monthly, quarterly, semiannually or annually basis depending on the type of business. This arrangement will help a manager to come up with a performance analysis through utilization of tools such as line graph and other types of measurements. This will give a deep insight of how the business has been performing for the past period. Through this, the manager will be able to project the near future performance of the firm. In this regard, a manager who is keen on driving the firm towards achieving its mission would come up with better strategies to obtain already outlined targets such as profit maximization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology and Economic Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More IT integration in an Organization Structure However, for a firm to ensure it gains from the investment in IT, management should ensure that it effectively and efficiently matches IT with the firm’s business strategy, human resource management strategy and allocation of resources. A match of these aspects reflects good management practice that would enable the business to benefit from IT (Dedrick, Vijay Kraemer, 2003, p. 9). Before investing in IT, organizations are always advised to do reorganization or reengineering of their processes to ensure a match between IT tools and organization’s subcomponents. This not only improves efficiency of production processes but also its effectiveness that goes to an extent of improving quality of products and services as the firm will be utilizing its’ IT capital optimally. References Dedrick, J., Vijay, G. Kraemer, L. (2003). Information Technology and Economic Performance : A Critical Review of the Empirical Evidence, University of California, Irvine, ACM Computing Surveys, 35(1), 1–28. Dewan, S. Min, C.K. (1997). Substitution of information technology for other factors of production: A firm level analysis. Manage. Sci. 43(12), 1660–1675. Jorgenson, D.W. (2001). Information technology and the U.S. economy (Presidential address to the American Economic Association). American Econ. Rev. 91(1), 1–32. Litan, R.E. Rivlin, A.M. ( 2001). Projecting the economic impact of the Internet. Papers and Proceedings of the One Hundred Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association. American Econ. Rev. 91(2), 313–322. Pohjola, M. (2001). Information technology and economic growth: A cross-country analysis. Information Technology and Economic Development. London: Oxford University Press, U.K. 242–256.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roach, S.S. (1991). Services under siege: The restructuring imperative. Harvard Bus. Rev. 39(2), 82–92. This essay on Information Technology and Economic Performance was written and submitted by user S1lvermane to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Great Essays

Great Essays Great Essays Great Essays Great essays are not easy to write, but if you are interested in the topic and if you feel inspired, you have no barriers to creating great essays.   Read the following sample of great essay.   It is well-written and will definitely gain your attention. If you have an academic assignment to write the great essay, feel free to request our custom essay writing service at any time. Our writers are working 24/7 without weekends to lend you a hand of help with any essay writing. Great Essays Sample The most important of parental allies was the nurse. It was the almost unanimous opinion of churchmen, doctors, and moralists from Erasmus on that mothers ought to breastfeed their own infants. Some theologians even tried to suggest that a failure to do so should be regarded as a mortal sin. At the same time, these writers would reluctantly add some words of advice on how to choose a nurse, a last-minute concession indicating that the practice was far too strongly entrenched in the mores of the period to be dislodged by the exhortations of a few intellectuals. In this respect, Rousseau, who has always been regarded as the revolutionary champion of maternal breastfeeding, was no less sensitive to custom than his predecessors, and his passionate appeal to mothers was followed by some sober recommendations for selecting a nurse, and even a touch of lyricism on the joys of nursing in the fresh air of the countryside. In this section, I describe the deeply rooted practice of employing nur ses, and explore some of the possible reasons for their participation in family life. The first point to note about the nurse is her poverty. "All the women who hire themselves out as nurses are peasants or women of mean estate." By contrast, the family which employed her necessarily belonged to a relatively affluent class. FranÃÆ' §ois Mauriceau noted that poor people did not even have the means to hire a nurse for the first week of the baby's life, during which time he believed the mother's own milk was not good for the infant. These women would have to breastfeed their children themselves right from the beginning. There was no possibility of help even for a brief period. He went on to single out among the people who engaged nurses "all the women of quality and a majority of the bourgeoisie." The relationship of the nurse to her employers varied with circumstances. The woman might be a long-term domestic of the parents, perhaps the nurse of earlier children from the same family. In many cases, however, she was a stranger. In Paris, placement bureaus arranged connections between nurses and families interested in doing business. Many writers deplored the frequent failure of mothers to investigate the character of the women they were choosing to feed their offspring. In spite of the doctors' urgings, this choice was often not made in advance of the birth. Where details are given, the parents, even those who seem especially thoughtful and attentive to the welfare of their children, contracted with the nurse after the baby had been delivered. Sometimes the father of the infant gave the money directly to the nurse's husband. Great Essays Writing Service What is the first step of great essays writing?   Writing an essay, you should pay attention to the format and flow of ideas.   If you cannot afford spending hours of your time in libraries, order professional customized writing assistance at our site.   Our writers are able to impress you with custom written essays!   Our prices are impressively low while the quality of written essays is unquestionably high. is a trusted and reliable online service.

Australians response to the Cold War essays

Australians response to the Cold War essays Cold War is the term used to describe the tensions from about 1945 between the USSR and Eastern Europe on the one hand and the USA and Western Europe on the other. Cold War can be seen in the disagreements between the USSR and the Western allies during World War 2, especially over the future structure of Eastern Europe. As Europe was divided into East and West, the USSR creates communism in Eastern Europe, whilst the West remains Capitalist. Australia felt that the communism could be a threat and so Prime Minister Menzies sought a major US presence and manoeuvred Australia into a position of being invited to send military help during the Vietnam War. At the end of World War 2, Australia and other Western countries were concerned, as communism swept across the world. The Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe and in 1949 China became communist. In 1950 communist North Korea attacked the non communist country of South Korea. The Cold War developed between the East and the West and the USA introduced a policy of containment to stop the spread of communism. The Australian Prime minister Robert Menzies believed that communism was a threat to Australia as several union leaders were communists and there had been a series of serious strikes in the late 1940's. He introduced a law to ban the Communist Party, however this law was challenged and dismissed in the high court. In 1951 Menzies held a referendum to legalise the banning of the Communist Party. The result was a narrow NO vote. In the years that followed, Menzies called for a Royal Commission to investigate alleged Soviet spying in Australia, after being warned by a defector named Vladimir Petrov. Soviet officials tried to force Petrov back to the Soviet Union, but he was allowed to remain in Australia and given political asylum. The Labour Party tried to use the Petrov affair to gain votes in the 1954 election. The Royal Commission found that there was no Soviet Spy Ring in Aust ...

Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982 - Essay Example Thus, it becomes all the more important for the main Bill of Rights of a country, which for Canada equal to the Constitution Acts of 1867 with amendments made to it in 1982, to represent the correct division of power between the Federal and Provincial governments. The constitution Geographically, Canada is divided into three territories and 10 provinces. It supports two distinct main ethnic groups, the Quebecois who are well versed in French and the rest who communicate in English. The division of power would involve consideration to both the minority French-Canadians and the majority of the English speakers. Thus, some legislative authority must be granted to provinces while most of it is retained by the Federation, as is customary for a government system of this kind. It is for this reason that s. 91 to 95 of the 1867 constitution award legislative powers for both federal and provincial jurisdictions. S. 91 deals with the legislative authority of the Federal government whereas s. 9 2 pertains to the same at the provincial level. Moreover, all the residuary powers that have not been assigned to the provinces may also be dealt by the Parliament, which is allowed to â€Å"make laws for the peace, order, and good government of Canada, in relation to all matters not coming within the classes of subjects by this Act assigned exclusively to the Legislatures of the provinces† (Constitution Act 1867, s. 91). Provincial responsibility also deals with sources of energy which are non-renewable (s. 92A) and education (s. 93) while s. 94 relates to the dealings with property and civil rights (new at the time the Constitution Act 1867 was enacted). Thus, while the English speaking majority is correctly represented in the Parliament, the Federal government enjoys enough power constitutionally in order to uphold the rights of the minorities. Division of power is scribed clearly in certain cases to the provincial government, such as in the cases of handling prisons, prop erty and education but in other cases such as that of immigration policies and agriculture, power is shared between the federal and provincial jurisdictions (s. 95). This ensures two things, the first being the adherence to the British system of Parliament, which enables correct representation of all the minorities in the State and saves them from unjust policies that a majority might impose upon them. The concurrent presence of the federal and provincial governments, on the other hand, allow for cultural diversity to exist in the various provinces without being majority centric. Due to the presence of the latter, the French Canadians are awarded the same level of liberties as their English speaking majority consequently ensuring that their individual rights are protected, at least in theory. However, the existence of these two systems, where the country is represented by a Prime Minister who is in charge of a Federation, creates vagueness in division of power. In matters of adminis tration of justice, for example, the constitution allows the Parliament to enact legislation dealing with â€Å"criminal law, except the constitution of courts of criminal

Assesment-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assesment-3 - Essay Example For the purpose of recording a transaction an account is maintained like Cash A/C, Depreciation A/C etc. An â€Å"account† can be defined as the summarized record of the transactions. To obtain any information it is not possible to go through all the transactions. So, one can refer to the respective account and find out the details. An â€Å"account† is divided into two sides - debit and credit. The right hand side is the â€Å"credit† side and the left hand side is the â€Å"debit† side. The term â€Å"debit† represents all the expenses, losses etc. and â€Å"credit† all the incomes and gains. The net of the debit and the credit side gives the balance at the end of the year. At the end of the year, a statement ascertaining the profit and loss is prepared called the Profit and Loss A/c. It is prepared after closing all the accounts and posting the balances in the Profit and loss A/C. If the total of the credit side is more than the total of t he debit side there is a profit and if the debit side total is more than the credit side total there is a loss. An account is opened as follows – The process of allocation of the cost of the asset is called â€Å"depreciation†. In other words, the reduction in the value of assets over its useful life is called depreciation. It does not involve any cash outflow but is only a record in the books (National Productivity Council Of India, Pg no 1). In the books of account every year an amount is recorded as an expense and charged as depreciation in the statement of profit and loss. In accountancy, there are two aspects of recording a transaction – debit and credit. The debit side represents all the expenses, losses etc and the credit side represents the incomes, gains, etc. Depreciation is an expense to the firm and hence recorded on the debit side of the statement. This helps in finding out the true profit or loss of the business operations. The most

Compare and Contrast Auden’s and Faulks Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Auden’s and Faulks Essay Both Sebastian Faulks and W. H. Auden write about the tales of Jewish refugees living in the time of holocaust during WW2 in their two pieces, ‘The Last Night’ and ‘Refugee Blues’. By using literary techniques such as imagery and tone both writers, Auden and Gray create a sense of alienation for the characters portrayed in their writing. Both Auden and Gray create a sincere illusion of reality to promote the refugee’s alienation and suffering in both stories ultimately bringing the two gripping tales to life. Both Auden and Faulks use imagery as an extremely strong literary device to create alienation towards the refugees in their two stories. Immediately Auden introduces the reader to the impossible situation that the characters that they find themselves in. Auden manipulates social structure and the feeling of alienation towards the refugees with the use of natural imagery. Lines such as â€Å"saw a door opened and a cat let in† and â€Å"Thought I heard thunder rumbling in the sky; †¦ they must die†. These two lines not only show the manner in which the refugees have been regarded as completely inferior but also that they are willed to die, disregarding the concept of escape. In Faulk’s ‘The Last Night’, though not as frequently, also uses natural imagery to highlight the distressing solitude of the refugees and their impossible situation. â€Å"Though none of the scraps reached as far as the enclosure. † The word ‘enclosure’ emphasizes how the Jews had been cast aside as ‘social dirt’ as animals are normally associated as being hoarded into an enclosure by human beings. The two pieces ‘Refugee blues’ and ‘The Last Night’ differ significantly in the way that they are written. In Auden’s ‘Refugee Blues’ the story of the refugees is told through a poem with three lines in each stanza. Whereas in Gray’s ‘The Last night’ the structure follows more of a story and is written in the third person. Auden’s poem is written to the tune of blues music, which was very popular and fashionable at the time the poem was written. Say this city has ten million souls, some are living in mansions, some are living in holes. The rhythm created throughout provokes a melancholy atmosphere to be interpreted by the reader enticing compassion towards the refugees and further discriminating and separating the Jewish characters and their race from the rest of the world. Unlike Gray, Faulks writes the ‘The Last Night’ in the form of a historical fiction indicating the lack of a particular rhythm in which the story can be read. These contrasting rhythms though seem to create to same feeling of sadness and empathy towards the characters. Faulk’s choice of diction and literary techniques match with the rhythm and tone of ‘Refugee Blues’ and create a huge similarity between the way the two poems are written to create alienation towards the refugees. Auden and Faulks use foreshadowing both subtly and palpably early on in each text to show what will happen in the near future of the two stories. Faulks in particular manipulates this technique to show upcoming events. In the opening statement â€Å"Andre and his brother Jacob†¦ to a concentration camp† presented in bold for added effect, Faulks immediately introduces the reader to the ignorance and innocence of the children not being able to fully understand their predicament because they are both at such a young age. They do not realise the harsh reality that has befallen them and the rest of the Jews in Europe. As orphaned children they have already been split up from their parents and this can be interpreted as a model for other families who are situated with the two boys. That pain and sorrow will be felt and loneliness endured by all the children going to the concentration camp. Additionally, in the second paragraph of Faulk’s text he speaks of a woman handing out food and people having â€Å"food for the journey†. This can be deduced by the reader as another use of foreshadowing. It was believed that Adolf Hitler was of the Christian religion. This scene of people eating food before the tragic events that ensue are similar and almost mirror that of the last supper, the Christian fable that exists in the bible where Jesus was last before he was crucified and sent to his imminent death. It is seen as the ultimate betrayal in the bible when Judas sold out Jesus to the Romans for thirty silver coins. The connection between the two estranged events though shows that, just like Jesus, the ignorant children are completely unaware of the fact the food being handed out represents to the reader that the end is near as did the last supper for Jesus. This could be seen as the Faulk’s demonstration of Hitler’s somewhat extreme impiety displaying him as Judas even though Hitler was of Christian religion. In ‘Refugee Blues’ Auden writes in his first paragraph â€Å"Yet there’s no place for us, my dear, yet there’s no place for us. † Auden exploits the predicament of the refugees to demonstrate that they are completely alone and segregated from society and they are regarded as substandard population and presages what is to come for the Jews at the conclusion of the poem. With the use of Irony Auden ends the poem on the line â€Å"Looking for you and me, my dear, looking for you and me. † After so much suffering was brought to the refugees by being neglected by people who thought to be superior human beings, they were finally being sought after but only to taken to their inexplicably to their death, meaning that there is still no place for them in the society that they will no longer live in. In conclusion Both W.H. Auden and Sebastian Faulks tell the tragic tales of Jewish Refugees who find themselves in an impossible situation. Their attention to detail is impeccable allowing the reader to be engulfed in the story and empathise with the characters and live the story. Both manipulate certain ideas, themes and literary devices using similar and contrasting ideas to ultimately create a sense of great alienation towards the refugees in each tale.

Terrorism :: Terrorist

Terrorism The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist? Terrorism by nature is difficult to define. Acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims as well as in the practitioners. No two writers agree on what is terrorism. Even the U.S. government cannot agree on one single definition. The old adage, "One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter" is still alive and well today ("Terrorism Research Center: Definitions" 1). Although many people believe that terrorism is evil, it is merely misunderstood because there is no set definition. Terrorists are responsible to most of the freedom movements in every country. Terrorists have used violence to get their point across to the public. These acts are often necessary for the success of the movement or cause. The use of this violence can be justified in several ways. You can't make an omelet without breaking some eggs has been used by terrorist to describe their actions.

Psychodynamic vs Trait Theory Essay

Founded by Sigmund Freud, the Psychodynamic theory is known for ignoring â€Å"the trappings of science and instead focus[ing] on trying to get ‘inside the head’ of individuals in order to make sense of their relationships, experiences and how they see the world† (McLeod, S. A. , 2007). By contrast Trait theory is â€Å"the measurement of consistent patterns of habit in an individual’s behavior, thoughts, and emotions† (â€Å"Trait Theory†, 2013). While they are both methods of understanding human behavior the way that the different theories attempt to understand human behavior differ greatly. The Psychodynamic theory uses a put yourself in their shoes type of understanding while the Trait theory is pattern based and relies on data gathered by observing patterns. Understanding human behavior is something that is extremely complicated. The Trait theory is â€Å"based on the stability of traits over time, how they differ from other individuals, and how the[y] will influence human behavior†. These two theories are essentially a scientific approach versus an approach based on emotions, behaviors, and general, albeit trained, understanding of others emotions and behaviors. The basic theories developed by Freud and his successors are based on some basic assumptions. Our behavior and feelings are powerfully affected by unconscious motives. Our behavior and feelings as adults (including psychological problems) are rooted in our childhood experiences. All behavior has a cause (usually unconscious), even slips of the tongue. Therefore all behavior is determined. Personality is made up of three parts (i. e. tripartite). The id, ego and super-ego. Behavior is motivated by two instinctual drives: Eros (the sex drive & life instinct) and Thanatos (the aggressive drive & death instinct). Both these drives come from the â€Å"id†. Parts of the unconscious mind (the id and superego) are in constant conflict with the conscious part of the mind (the ego). Personality is shaped as the drives are modified by different conflicts at different times in childhood (during psychosexual development). With an understanding of these assumptions Freud developed his theory of psychoanalysis, which is the basis for all psychiatric analysis, including the Trait and Psychodynamic theories. While they share their basic origin these traits differ significantly in the data that they analyze.

Appraising the Secretaries at Sweetwater University Essay

1.What is computer? -Computer is an electronic device that is designed to work with Information.The term ‘computer is derived from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means to calculate.Computer can not do anything without a Program.it represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations. 2.Four functions of computer -The four basic functions of a computer are input, processing, output and storage. Input is the information which is entered into the computer. Processing is performing operations on or manipulating data. Output is the result of the data processing. Storage refers to devices that can retain the data when the computer is deactivated. 3.Computer system -A system of interconnected computers that share a central storage system and various peripheral devices such as a printers, scanners, or routers. Each computer connected to the system can operate independently, but has the ability to communicate with other external devices and computers. 4.Classifications of computer according to 3 devices – (1) Micro computers: These computers use a microprocessor chip and this chip is used instead of CPU means that this microprocessor chip works as a CPU. These computers are also called personal computers. Two major types of these computers are laptop or Desktop computers. Only one user uses these computers at time that’s why they are also known as personal computers. (2) Mini Computers: These are powerful computer. These computers come into existence in 1960s at that time mainframe computer was very costly. Mini computers were available in cheap prices, so users start using it. (3) Mainframe Computer: It as a very powerful and large computer. You can get  idea of its power as it can handle processing of many users at a time. Terminals are used to connect a user to this computer and users submit there task through mainframe. Terminal is a device which has keyboard and a screen. By using terminal users put inputs into the computer and get the output through screen. (4) Super Computers: As the name â€Å"super computer† specifies that these are most powerful computers even than mainframe. Actually, when we optimize a mainframe computer then we get super computer. 5. History of computer – The word ‘computer’ originally implied a person, who, under instructions from a mathematician, performed mechanical calculations. Mechanical calculating devices such as the abacus were often put to use to aid this process. At the end of the Middle Ages, mathematics and engineering in Europe received a considerable boost, thus leading to the invention of numerous mechanical calculating devices. The technology for clockwork was developed by the early 17th century. The period between the early 19th century and early 20th century saw the development of a number of technologies which would be vital for the development of the digital computer later on. Some examples are the punched card and the valve. Charles Babbage was the first person to design a fully programmable computer as early as 1837. However, he was unable to actually construct his computer due to a variety of reasons. Analog computers were increasingly used in the first half of the 20th century for a number of scientific computing needs. However, they became obsolete after the development of the digital computer. The first digital computer was the Atanasoff Berry Computer . It used a binary system of arithmetic, parallel processing, a separation of memory and computing functions and regenerative memory. Binary math and electronic circuits – both of which are used in today’s computers – were first used in the Atanasoff Berry Computer. In the 1930’s and 1940’s, newer and more efficient computers were continuously developed. Gradually, they came to possess the key features which are present in modern day computers – digital electronics and flexibility of programming. Among the more important machines to be developed during this time, the American ENIAC was prominent. It was a general purpose machine, but had an inflexible architecture. Later a far superior technique known as the stored program architecture was  developed. It is the foundation from which all modern computers are derived. Throughout the 1950’s, computer design [http://www.online-computers.info] was primarily valve driven. This was later replaced by transistor-driven design in the 1960’s. Transistor-based computers were smaller, faster and cheaper, and hence commercially viable. Integrated circuit technology, adopted in the 1970’s enabled computer production costs to hit a new low, so that even individuals could afford them. That was the birth of the personal computer, as it is known today. 6.Examples of Input,Output Devices: *Manual- Abacus,Slide rule,Leibiniz’z Calculator,Napier’s bones,Pascal calculator,Babbage’s Analytical engine *Electronic-Unversal automatic computer,Electronic delayed storage automatic calculator,Electronic discrete variable automatic computer,Electronic numerical integrator and calculator,Atanossof-Berry computer *Electromechanical-Automatic sequence controlled calculator,Jacquard’s Loom, Hollerith’s punched-card machine

John Wilkes Booth;Americas In essays

John Wilkes Booth;Americas In essays John Wilkes Booth, a name that conjures up Americas most infamous assassin and killer of perhaps one of Americas greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln. Born in 1838 on a farm near Bel Air, Maryland, John W. Booth grew up favoring the south and its way of life. Being a Southerner, Booth was in favor of slavery and was a stubborn racist. For this reason, his hatred for Lincoln was intense since Lincoln stood for everything Booth was against. He blamed Lincoln for all the problems America was suffering especially any that were felt by the Confederacy. By comparing the beliefs of John Wilkes Booth to those of Abraham Lincolns, one can come to a clear understanding of how the tragic night at the Fords Theatre came to be. Slavery was a huge part of America at the time and one of Lincolns main goals was to rid America of the slave system. Booth was a stubborn racist and completely supported the slave system. In one instance he was one of the armed men responsible to guard against any attempts of saving John Brown (an abolitionist who attempted a slave uprising) before hanging. Booths racism is perhaps one of the reasons that lead to the assassination of Lincoln. He felt that Lincolns beliefs were outrageous and that he was out of proportions. "This country was formed for the white not for the black man. And looking upon African slavery from the same stand-point, held by those noble framers of our Constitution, I for one, have ever considered it, one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us) that God ever bestowed upon a favored nation." John Wilkes Booth, November, 1864, in a letter to his brother-in-law.1 Through Booths letter, it is evident that his racism and hatred for the blacks was extreme. He states that America was for the whites not the blacks and thus, he is in absolute favor of the slave system. For this reason, Booth yearned to get rid of Lincoln by any means ...

My Old Publisher Made Mistakes I Wouldnt Tolerate

My Old Publisher Made Mistakes I Wouldnt Tolerate "My old publisher made mistakes I wouldn't tolerate"  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The story of Greg White's The Pink Marine Digital formats have opened countless new ways to publication for authors,  and if you aren't afraid of taking advantage of those, you can pretty much turn any situation in your favour. Greg White, author of The Pink Marine, came to Reedsy a month ago and told us he had left his publisher shortly after his first book's publication. Immediately, we thought "that's an interesting story for our blog!" So here's Greg sharing his experience with us, and his advice for newer authors.Hi Greg, thanks for being with us today! Let's jump into it: can you tell us a bit about your book and what made you leave your publisher?Thank you for having me, and helping with my book. Although I’ve been a TV writer for a while, The Pink Marine is my first memoir. Yet I always remember that I’m a United States Marine first –  and we strive for excellence. My book is important to me and I’m proud of it. My old publisher made mistakes that I wouldn’t tolerate – so I cancelled the contract. It was difficult; but as I write about in my book, nothing is easy but everything is possible.What were the main challenges from the point when you decided to leave your publisher?Reviews. He failed to get reviews in advance of publication, so it will be a struggle for me to convince media outlets to see the book as fresh meat. But we Marines†¦ love a good challenge. I’m getting good media response already.The book is new and I am tireless. I have every confidence that influential bloggers and other reviewers will find it story-worthy. Kirkus reviewed it (non-paid) and they call The Pink Marine â€Å"a heartwarming coming of age, inspiring memoir.† There’s a lot to discuss in the book. Not only do I write about my lifelong best friend (that I enlisted with) but also seventy other boys that I served with. I bet you find yourself in one of those characters. It has themes with global relevance and I wrote it with humor.You have actua lly set up your own imprint and are working with Ingram for the distribution. How did that happen?Yes, my imprint is AboutFace Books! Norman Lear writes my book’s foreword. He gave me my first job writing television. He taught me, among other things, to be nice to everyone. Ingram asked to meet me last year based on the Food Network show I host – food brings us all together, right? The day I left my publisher, I called Ingram to set up the imprint. They were enthusiastic and continue to be incredibly supportive. Ingram led me to Reedsy.Now, you came to Reedsy looking for a typesetter to create a print-ready file for Ingram. How did you choose your typesetter, and how did the collaboration go?I judged a book by its cover. I studied not only the experience and genre of each designer; but also their graphics. My designer  Jason Storey clearly was the best decision – his art blew me away. That he, and my book, turned out to be fantastic, is no surprise.Jason is fa st, thorough and precise. He’s smart and communicative. Those qualities are very important to me and he represents them all in the outstanding work he did on my book.What are your plans now for The Pink Marine in terms of promotion and marketing? And how is the book selling?Being a publisher helps when I reach out to TV and radio shows, magazines, newspapers, bloggers and reviewers. In my pitches, I’m able to speak about the book more in the third person. My pitch is: â€Å"How about a story on a guy that served six years as a U.S. Marine now serving up pie on Food Network?†I travel a lot and schedule bookstore appearances and local media well in advance.I’m as excited as I am grateful to report that the book is selling well, particularly the e-book. Everyone, and especially every veteran of the armed forces, has a story. This is mine. From my sales reports I notice British readers are snapping it up, proving the themes are universal. Facing challenges, b oth emotional and physical during our teenage years everyone in the world goes through that. In my case they shaved my head and gave me a rifle†¦. And humor always helps.I maintain a strong social media presence and built a fun and informative website www.thepinkmarine.com. I joined the affiliate program for every bookseller, so when buyers purchase the book from clicking the retailers via my site, I earn a fee (and it costs the buyer nothing extra).Next week I go in the studio to record the book for Audible. Having something new to promote helps. I want the book to exist in every format. Look, if it were possible, I’d bake it into a pie and serve it up personally.If you had to do it all over again, for a second book, would you look for an agent/publisher or would you go straight to â€Å"self-publishing†, using your imprint?I still have an agent, but unless I’m presented with a powerful marketing plan and generous profit participation from a traditional pu blisher, I’ll continue to publish under my imprint. Any prejudice or apprehension I had about driving down the self-publishing avenue was swept away in the first week of The Pink Marine’s sales reports.As you’ve experienced both â€Å"worlds†, what would be your main piece of advice for a debut author who is just finishing up their first manuscript?Ask for help; take advantage of the vast resources for authors. Through those, build your marketing platform with equal energy (and at the same time) that you’re writing your book. Adopt a U.S. Marine attitude and conquer both the creative and business sides. Relish in the support and camaraderie of other authors we are a community. And buy my book.You can find The Pink Marine on Amazon here, and Greg White's website here.Would you be ready to leave your publisher to self-publish? Or maybe you've done so already? Tell us about your experience, or ask Greg any question in the comments below!

Impact Of Anthropogenic Climate Change On Environment Essay

Impact Of Anthropogenic Climate Change On Environment - Essay Example Both proponents and opponents of man-made causes of climate change appreciate the warming effect of greenhouse gases (68). These gases include methane, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. Carnegie Mellon University further observes that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased by between 10% and 30% from the start of the industrial revolution. These gases allow the sunlight into the Earth’s atmosphere and then trap a significant portion of this radiation, preventing the reflection of sun’s radiation back into space. This leads to a warming effect on the Earth thus the contribution of human activities to global warming. Secondly, scientists have been able to identify carbon-dioxide from human activities as the largest contributor to greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thus attributing global warming to human activities. According to these scientists, the pre-industrialization period had the atmosphere contain only 280 parts per million of carbon dioxide. By 2010, this had increased to 390 parts per million. This additional 100 parts per million of carbon dioxide is what is attributed to human activities (Poortinga et al. 1017). To show that this extra carbon dioxide is from human activities, scientists use the fingerprinting technique. From this, it has been noted that natural carbon dioxide has some low portion of carbon-14. The lack of this carbon-14 isotope in the additional 100 parts per million of carbon dioxide attributes its source to human activities as opposed to natural factors. Finally, the proponents of man-made climate change give evidence against natural causes. This school of thought argues that if the current climate was following the natural trend, then, the Earth should have been cooling and not warming.

Dow Chemical Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dow Chemical - Research Paper Example In addition, Dow has announced plans to invest in facility in Saudi Arabia for DOWâ„ ¢ FILMTECâ„ ¢ reverse osmosis elements. The company is also considering building two new plants in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, and Schkopau, Germany. To reflect Dow’s disciplined portfolio management and strategy to focus on higher-value performance businesses, the company has decided to sale its global Polypropylene business to Braskem SA and in the third quarter of the financial year Dow AgroSciences and M.S. Technologies LLC have announced a submission to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for approval of the first-ever three-gene herbicide-tolerant soybean. Dow is named to Dow Jones Sustainability World Index 11th time since the index was launched. Dow has improved its rating from last year and has thus achieved the highest score in the chemical sector. In the last quarter of the financial year, Dow launched its DOW POWERHOUSEâ„ ¢ Solar Shingle to U.S. markets, starting in Colorado and expanding into targeted states through 2012. Joint venture of Dow, SCG-Dow Group, has started its propylene oxide facility in Thailand using innovative hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide technology. To enhance innovation collaboration between two companies, Dow and Haier Group have agreed to establish the Haier-Dow Global Joint Innovation Laboratory in China. Response to Part E Following its strategy of global exposure, Dow Electronic Materials announced the formation of a new business to capture current and future demand for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the construction for a manufacturing and testing facility for metallization materials is underway in Korea. To strengthen research in important scientific fields, Dow announced 11 year, $25 million-per-year investment in programs with 11 leading U.S. universities, supporting every individual related to the program and enabling resources to face the world’s leading challenges. Dow Chemicals has developed itself into a b illion dollars worth of Multinational Corporation through its expansion strategy. With wider greater geographic reach, the company is now reaching fast growing markets in various parts of the world. These areas include China, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.  The company has its footsteps in four continents of the world and its business operations appear to be growing at a rapid pace. In the financial year 2011, the company has started project in several parts of the globe to accelerate growth in their downstream business. These projects are turning out to be highly cost savings projects. In the financial year 2011 the company achieved record sales in the developing economies all around the globe. For instance, in China the company’s sales reached a staggering $ 4.5 billion during the last financial year which is the best figures yet for the country from any offshore operations. Moreover, the company is steadfast and committed to its goal of 35% of revenue s from developing economies of the world by the end of the current financial year. Currently the major chunk of the company’s revenue comes from Europe, Middle East and Africa which accounts for 35% of the global sale of the company having more than 57 manufacturing sites all across these areas. Another 35% of the revenue is generated through North America where the company has 65 manufacturing sites and has employees more than 26,000 employees. The last thirty of the revenue comes from

Directional Driller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Directional Driller - Research Paper Example A directional driller performs a series of tasks that relatively depend on the employer’s objectives. One of the main responsibilities of a directional driller is giving technical assistance to clients and workgroup members at the extraction site (Gow and Gow 201). The directional driller also stays current of all directional drilling methodologies and surveying techniques. A directional driller also builds professionalism on cutting-edge proper planning methods (Horizontal Directional Drilling Design Guideline Task Committee 3). A directional driller also arranges for and offers end-of-site releases and clients’ conclusive product provision releases (Gow and Gow 201). A directional driller is in charge of overseeing inventory and provisions while remaining in contact with client site agents, gear crew, and field assistance workers. The directional driller further makes sure all reporting qualifications are reached by acting on service value events and making sure event reports are wrapped up with clients. Lastly, experienced directional drillers teach, train, and guide recruit and new directional drillers (Gow and Gow 201). The requirements for getting a directional drilling job are based on academic achievements, experience, familiarity, and communication skills. First, the applicant has to have a minimum of a two to three-year secondary program degree from a tutoring and training college. Engineering or applied science degrees in bachelor and master’s levels are more acceptable. The applicant also has to have at least five years of oil-extraction experience in directional drilling (Horizontal Directional Drilling Design Guideline Task Committee 2). The applicant has to have comprehensive knowledge in advanced drilling and charting technologies and activities. Lastly, the applicant has to be able to communicate proficiently with superiors, peers, and clients in verbal and textual

Stereotype With Women Essay Example for Free

Stereotype With Women Essay ?The popular saying, â€Å"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus,† is a simple way of explaining that men and women are completely different. Is this difference due to biology – the genetic difference with which that we are born? Or is it due to the cultural difference that society influences’ – the orthodox disadvantages that discriminates women in the workplace, at home, and in society as a whole. The stereotypical role that women, especially mothers, are made to sustain in their everyday lives shows such unrealistic expectations – just due to their womanhood. â€Å"Stereotype: A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing: sexual and racial stereotypesi. Stereotypes are judgments created by our society that are based on perceived actions of an individual. It is a picture in society’s mind, though it is not an accurate illustration of the real world. The ongoing pressure of women having to follow these false assumptions of ‘right’ kind of mother to be, or the ‘right’ way to dress is not making our world a better place to be in any sense. The female stereotype first comes into play in that many women are generally seen as frail individuals and men are supposed to fill the role of the protector or, as Valenti would refer to it, â€Å"He can be a beast, She must be a beauty†(Valenti, 42). It’s the parents that tend to be children’s first stereotypical influences in their lives, such as the colour they provide their rooms, as well as the toys they bring home and the sports and hobbies in which they enroll them. A family hit television show, â€Å"Toddlers and Tiaras,† where girls as young as five years of age partake in beauty pageants after being subjected to false fingernails, wigs, eyelashes, fake tans, hair extensions, and somewhat â€Å"over the top† makeup. Its a trap in which many women are caught: women feel pressured to look like the social norm to fit in and somehow society makes it all seem right, causing more people join that assembly and creating more pressure on others to also do this. In previous decades, the stereotypes of women had clear expectations: they would get married, have children, raise the children and keep the house in order, and unfortunately their lives were restricted to these limitations. Consequently, some of these traditions still exist today leaving mothers with the role of playing â€Å"housewife. † They are supposed to clean the house, cook dinner, do the laundry, have the children, and take care of their children. â€Å"Mothers are responsible for and are naturally better at children and family and Fathers are responsible for and are naturally better at employment and earning money. As a result, women and men incorporate the roles of mother and father into their identities in different ways and at different paces†ii While women take control of these responsibilities, the dominant male goes out and earns a wage for the household. Since the male subject is never home, he can sometimes not know what goes on or how to react in different situations with the children. For example, if the father wants to go out for dinner without the children, the mother may be reluctant to get a baby-sitter. As the mother, she feels bad about leaving the children. As her partner, he doesn’t quite understand; he wants to spend time with his wife and he doesn’t see anything wrong because he is used to not being around his children nor raising them as much as the mother. We live in a society that has long penalized women for growing old. Western society is one in which the media have relentlessly portrayed the middle-aged woman as old-fashioned, boring, someone who is losing her looks, not to mention sexual appeal, etc. Valenti writes in her book: â€Å"When they get older- women who are pretty much done for. We’re deemed unfuckable and unlovable and, subsequently, useless. † (Valenti, 70) As many women struggle their entire lives trying to fit into the societal expectations of being â€Å"beautiful† and in that definition creates such an unrealistic belief that sets women up for failure with poor self confidence believing that they will never be good enough. As I am writing this essay in Tim Horton’s, I’m watching 3 construction workers gawk their revolting site on two helpless girls scrummaging in their backpacks for enough change to buy a donut to split. Even though these type of things occur all the time, and as I’ve grown up especially; being called names by truck drivers hollering out their windows†¦ I flaunted it, I felt good about myself when it happened, and when It didn’t I was concerned, wondering if I wasn’t wearing to right outfit, or had my hair to right way to catch the eyes of creepy men. At some point in my mind when I was a child, I got in my head that this was okay. Jessica Valenti introduces how stereotypical Double standards are present but are nothing new and women have to deal with them every day. I related with her book in many different ways, and some of the things I read I just had to laugh and turn to my girlfriend and we would totally agree on her statements. The book looks, at title glance, like a list of fifty depressing facts, but it isnt. She doesnt only tell us about how bad women have it. She talks about how this stuff hurts everybody, including heterosexuals’ cismales. She gives kudos and praise to heterosexual cismales who are clearly part of the solution or who are trying or who are progressive. Every person who is not affected by a cause but is an ally to it deserves to be recognized. This is often forgotten. Most importantly of all does Jessica stop at listing the bad things? Hell no! At the end of every section is a page titled What you can do about it where she offers advice on how a person can undo the sort of hurtful thinking. In some sections she admits there isnt much she can think of, even then she offers something. She tries. Jessica keeps it light and happy where she can. The topics in this book are downers, so Jessica reminds us to keep our heads up. Shes constructive, helpful, and dedicated to the cause, which is equality for everyone. And unlike lot of people who fight against sexism, she does it without resorting to using hate speech and man-hating slurs. This is why Jessica is a published author and successful person- she combines righteous anger with fierce love for those who are helping. She tells everyone that they dont have to just lay there and take that nonsense, and she doesnt either; I idol her in every which way, and will continue to improve my insight on feminism as does she. Works Cited:

Family Formations Essay -- Sociology Family Structure

Outline and critically assess the most significant crises, conflicts and changes in family formations over the last two decades (since 1990). Make reference to your own experience, in terms of changes in identity and identifications over time. In order to address the question it is important to present the evidence which shows that there have been conflicts, crises, and changes in society since 1990. It is widely understood there are many formations of the family. This involves the forever changing affects on society which bring us back to the family. This essay will discuss the social changes occur within the family paying particular attention to lone parenthood. It will look at changes to marriage, divorce, births outside marriage and poverty and look at to what extent these changes have had on British society since 1990, and also what these changes have meant to the family within. In Western Society, over the past two decades there has been significant changes in the which the family is forming. We have seen major shifts in the demographic constitution of the family and public policy, especially in terms of their formation and dissolution. As a result of this there is far more diversity in people's domestic and living arrangements compared to how they were earlier in the centuries. It has been noticed over these recent decades that living patterns between individuals are less and less conforming appropriately to the model of the nuclear family leaving some commentators to claim the family is in terminal decline. Increases in divorce, cohabitation, births outside marriage and lone parent families all result in old certainties to family formations being questioned. (Kiernan, 1998) In society, the family is seen as a ... ... London:Family Policy Studies Centre Giddens, A. (2006) Sociology Fifth Edition. Polity Press Bridge Street: Cambridge Cheal,D. (1991) Family and the State of Theory, Harvester Wheatsheaf:Hertfordshire Kiernan,K. Land, and Lewis, J. (1998) Lone Motherhood in Twentieth-Century Britain Clarendon Press: Oxford Parental Divorce in Childhood and Demographic Outcomes in Young Adulthood, Demography, 32: 299-318. Murray, C. (1996a) 'The emerging British underclass', in Lister, R (ed.) Charles Murray and the Underclass: The developing Debate. London: Institute of Economic Affairs Murray, C. (1996b) 'Underclass: the crisis deepens', in Lister, R (ed.) Charles Murray and the Underclass: The developing Debate. London: Institute of Economic Affairs Dallos, R. (1991) Family Belief Systems, Therapy and Change, Milton Keynes: Open University Press

Internship

They basically wants to ensure that HASH branches which are in the right locations for their customers and on occasions this means that they need to close those branches where customers foot fall has fallen dramatically or there has been a shift in customer shopping patterns. And also raise the transaction cost from E to E. 0 In he name of the new fees were part of a providing â€Å"clearer and more transparent pricing. † The bank also said behind of cost cutting bank want to switching to be ‘hassle-free' , standard IS- turn on free accounts and free banking claim is ‘ridiculous'. They also said the closures branches were a result of customers using the branch network less than they used to â€Å"we are seeing a shift to customers using phone, Internet and mobile devices. † For this kind of reasons the HASH cope with cost cutting Q. 2. The Impacts of cost cutting on overall Financial Performance of HASH (comparison with past year)?Answer: For the Impacts of cost cutting they have closed about 70 branches in the I-J last year and more than 50 in 2011 and in 2013, 9 branches has been closed and declared with 85 closures in UK towns and cities so far this year. The bank has closed more than 200 branches in the I-J over the last three years and Derek French, of the campaign for community banking services, expressed some surprise at Hash's plans â€Å"These figures suggest that after a pause, they are now galloping ahead with closures, as in previous years. † It is thought a further 20 closure announcements will e made before October.When the branches of HASH at Alongside Penumbras and Conway- which is the only bank in the town with a cash machine are due to closed in February, 2013. Town leaders criticized the decision and called for the bank to reconsider the closing branches. Some of their state PM And Alongside the town mayor Bob Label said the closure was â€Å"terrible news† for residents, business and tourists. And he E xplained the impacts over economy by saying â€Å"l am very surprised by what the bank is claiming about the economic viability of Alongside branch in IEEE of the huge number of tourists who visit our town, especially during the summer months. So, all of them when the bank branches are closed their political members realized the regional economical condition is under threat. Also the impact on increase its charges for 700,000 small business customers, with many losing their free banking service. They said new fees were part of an overhaul of accounts aimed at providing â€Å"cleared, more transparent pricing. † Minimizing plan for cost cutting they increased fees of transaction as a result the small business customers is effected. They also said some customers would see their charges reduced.So called Free banking ‘Myth' the bank impose some extra charges on each small business transaction. The issue of â€Å"Free banking† system sparked controversy from last ye ar. Q. 3 The Benefits of cost cutting on the performance of HASH (I. E. NYSE and ELSE). The share pence of HASH (ELSE: HASH) (NYSE: HASH. US) fell by APP to IPPP dung early expectations. The 3% fall in its share price made it the leading loser among FETES 100 blue-chips. The bank reported profits of $22. Ban (EYE. Ban), compared with $20. Ban in 012, boosted by a range of cost-cutting measures.In total the bank made $1. Ban in savings by, among other things, reducing Jobs as well as cracking down on the number of staff taking business-class flights. The bank currently employs 254,000 full-time staff, down from 295,000 at the beginning of 2011. In total $4. Ban has been saved since 2011 , exceeding targets set by the bank. Revenue was stable, coming in at $63. Ban compared with $61. Ban in 2012, underpinned by a â€Å"resilient† performance in the global banking & markets business, as well as growth in the commercial banking division.Pay for chief executive Stuart Glover incre ased last year from $7. Mm to $mm while the bonus pool increased 6% to $3. Ban. The chief executive commented: â€Å"Our performance in 2013 reflects the strategic measures we have taken over the past three years. Today the Group is leaner and simpler than in 2011 with strong potential for growth. In 2013 we grew underlying profits by US$6. Ban, generated US $10. 1 ban in core tier 1 capital, achieved an additional IIS$I . Ban of sustainable cost- savings and declared IIS$9. Ban in dividends in respect of the year.Our strong capital generation continues to support our progressive dividend policy and reinforces Hash's status as one of the best capitalized banks in the world. † Earnings per share increased from app to app while the dividend was increased from app to app. Therefore, taking into account the hit to Hash's share price earlier, the shares may therefore trade on a PIE of 13 and offer a potential income of 4. 5% Of course, the decision to ‘buy' ? based on those ratings, today's results and the wider prospects for the banking sector ? remains your own decision. Internship Internship is an official program for the undergraduates or graduate students who work between certain periods of time which has a benefit to gain practical work or reason related experience. (www.internship.com, n.d.) In the other hand it is a way which helps to bridge the gap between â€Å"Academic† & the â€Å"Real† world. (Spring, 2011) And also internship can be defined as the opportunity provided for the students / undergraduates to link with the industry & upgrade the knowledge about industrial practices. This may become a practical and compulsory fulfilment of the degree program. Internship helps students to identify whether the career of interest is a â€Å"good fit† and also it will indicate the understanding about what career that suits you. In other words, internships can help you to decide if a particular career is something you're interested in or not. Internship program provides the opportunity for students to clarify career objectives and verify career choices. (Spring, 2011) Internships are a great way to prepare students for their future career. It gives them a deeper understanding of the path they want to take, and puts them in a situation in which they can learn first-hand what it feels like to work in their chosen Profession. Before University Students graduate they often need to complete the internship Program. (Carniol, 2018) Internships provide students with an opportunity to test abilities and attitudes toward particular material or career possibilities for the future. Students who has decided to participate in internship program can broaden their future career opportunities through networking ; establishing positive working relationship with their employers. These relationships can't build only through academics but, useful applications of the knowledge gained from the academics is a determinant for the real life career. (Spring, 2011) Students who took part in the applied learning of the internship had a greater consciousness about the issues in the society. (Seon-Young Lee) When the students have their own motivation for the community service through internship, personal growth can be increased greatly. (Wilson J. Gonzalez-Espada, November,2006) An Internship program involves different parties such as Students, employers/supervisors, program coordinators, sponsoring university ; the Government Authority related to the internships. Everyone involved in an internship program should have specified roles and responsibilities. (Jackel, December 2011) And also Internship Program Expectations are varying according to each parties that involved. A student expects an internship program should be stimulated intellectually and also it should be supported to enhance the skills needed for future employment. The program coordinators/departments expect that internship will be an opportunity for the students to apply classroom knowledge to the real-world setting. The employer/Company hopes the internship program partnership to be a path to determine hiring ; retaining talented students seeking permanent employment after the internship program. The university expects that an internship program will create a community partnership with a potential new employer, or to keep an existing partnership through productive and effective work done by university students which are interns.(Roger, 1979) Universities take a major role of in making internship program more appealing to and productive for the undergraduates by giving course credit for internships and also it is a way of facing the competition for the jobs. (Jackel, December 2011) General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University also has started providing internship opportunities for the day scholars since Intake 29. Upto now, Intake 29,30,31,32 ; 33 has already participated in their Internship Program. KDU has linked with National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority (NAITA) and introduced comprehensive internship program for the KDU undergraduates to bloom their talents with the industry. KDU moves undergraduates as interns and it is a partial fulfillment of the degree program that nearly go for 6 months Industrial Training and the most of the undergraduates work as permanent employees after the Industrial training. Sometimes, due to the involvement of NAITA, KDU can't control the overall process of the internship program. Therefore, KDU has to fulfill the requirements of NAITA such as Documents, Reports and Guidelines. We have conducted an exploratory study among KDU past undergraduates (Intake 31, 32, 33 -Logistics Management). According to the study we identified that the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. It means it may be personal reasons or the internship program has not supported for them. For example, some students may be faced some problems such as sexual Harassments or any other harassments from the company Supervisors during the internship program. Although the students want to quit the organization due to those reasons, students can't quit because of the NAITA requirements. So the students will suffer from stress. It means that the Internship program objectives couldn't be able to achieve as expected. That may be a practical problem of the internship program. And also there is a doubt whether the internship program has enabled the students to secure in the job market in the competitive environment. Although there are some researchers conducted in global context, There is no single research conducted in Sri Lankan Context and even in the KDU to measure and identify the student perspective affect for the internship program. So to overcome the issues and implement the changes, we conducted this research by finding the students' perspective of successful internship program. We took the population as the day scholars of KDU in Intake 31, 32;33 Logistics Management as follows; Population Intake 31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 52 Undergraduates Intake 32†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 71 Undergraduates Intake 33†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 55 Undergraduates Total population †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 178 Undergraduates We selected the sample size as 80 Undergraduates from the population. 1.2 Scope of the study The scope of this study is to give an understanding about factors that affecting for the successful internship program on students' perspective with special reference to undergraduate day scholars of Intake 31, 32, 33. It will be helpful to become success in the internship program. According to our conducted Exploratory study we identified that the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. So to overcome the issues and implement the changes, we are conducting this research by finding the students' perspective of successful internship program. Therefore, this study will beneficial for undergraduates who are willing to enter in to industrial training to develop their qualified characteristics. 1.3 Justification of the problems The internship program has designed by the involvement of administrative lecturers of the Faculty of Management and NAITA. So they are making the internship program according to their ideas and perspectives. Therefore, the lecturers' perspectives are different from students. But the benefits are gained by the undergraduates, so they have the ability to look closely at the internship whether it is useful or not. If the internship program is successful then it doesn't occur a problem, but if the internship program is not successful there should be a change. As there is no single research conducted in Sri Lankan context and even in the KDU to measure and identify the student perspective of internship program, we decided to do the research based on the internship program by considering the undergraduate day scholars of Intake 31, 32;33 Logistics Management, KDU. 1.4 Objectives of the study 1.4.1 Primary Objectives To examine the student perspective of the internship program. 1.4.2 Secondary Objectives To examine factors affecting on successfulness of internship program 1.5 Research Questions This study tries to answer following research questions. †¢ What are the student perspective of the internship program? †¢ What are the mostly influenced student perspectives of successful internship program? 1.6 Research Hypothesis H1: Skill Development, Self-confidence and Attitudes developed through Internship Program affect the success of Internship Program. H2: Academic Preparedness and Evaluation is positively associated with internship successfulness. s H3: Career Development is a factor which affect for the successfulness of the Internship Program. H4: Compensation of the Interns is a major factor for the Internship Successfulness. H5: Experiential Education developed through Internship Program affect the success of Internship Program. 1.7 Significance of the Study The significance of this study is to identify the factors affected on successful internship Program on the perspective of KDU students and to identify the requirements of business industries. Also, this will able to provide better understanding about industrial training to the undergraduates and this will help undergraduates to improve their performance in academic studies and extracurricular activities. To identify the student perspective of the internship program, we have conducted an exploratory study among KDU past undergraduates (Intake 31, 32, 33 -Logistics Management). According to study we identified the employment rate among the undergraduates have not achieved 100%. It means it may be personal reasons or the internship program has not supported properly. And also there is a doubt whether the internship program has enabled the students to secure in the job market in the competitive environment. If there are any changes to do for the internship p rogram we can identify and it will be helpful to do the implementation. That's the reason why we are doing this research. CHAPTER 02 Literature review 2.1 Introduction When we consider about the global context, there are some researches which have conducted regarding the factors affecting for the successful internship program. The competency and motivation of all parties involved are indispensable for a successful internship programs â€Å"Being a valuable component of higher education academic program, Internship is believed to create win-win situation for the students, organization as well as the university. (Coco, 2000).Therefore we can identify three perspectives which divide the factors affecting for a successful internship program according to the previous researches.Organizational Perspective (to take advantage from the intern offering a least compensation)University Perspective (to give a good internship program and secure the job)Student Perspective (To have a secured job and good compensation)Therefore, we discovered the following factors under the above three perspectives.Organizational Pers pectiveEffectiveness of the SupervisionTask clarityUniversity PerspectiveEffective Design of the Internship ProgramInvolvement of the University regarding the Evaluation of Internship ProgramStudent PerspectiveSkill Development, Self-confidence and AttitudesAcademic Preparedness and EvaluationCareer DevelopmentCompensationIndustry ExposureTherefore, we can describe and justify the factors with the reference to the previous researches. 1. Organizational Perspective Effectiveness of the Supervision The strategic role of supervisors may determine the internship experience is positive or not. Interns' perception of supervision effectiveness is significantly correlated with job placement success and overall job performance. (Gabris, October 31, 2009) Effective supervision during internship such as â€Å"being supportive, demonstrates high work standard and competence, provide frequent feedback, provides more opportunities for individuals to explore career interests and resolve conflicts† are very important. (Taylor, 1988). The support from the supervisor is a commitment to the employee by the organization. (Mowday, 1998).It means a supervisor is helpful to make the commitment of the employee by showing the interest and as a representer of communicating and valuing of him or her in the organization. (Dixon, 2005) From the above previous researches we can identify that the Effectiveness of supervision is positively associated with the successful internship program. Task clarity In the task Clarity it includes the task outputs such as task goals and standards and also task activities which mean by how work is accomplished. The organization expect that the certain goals and standards from the intern. They expect that the intern will fulfill his or her task in the organizational goals and achievements. (Sawyer, 1992). Sometimes, poor planning of work assignments caused frustration among interns. (Rothman, 2007) And also unclear roles contribute to stress and poor performance of the interns. (Kahn, 1964)Therefore, developing a proper job description, (Crumbley, 1998)), providing a reasonable time frame for accomplishing tasks of the intern and establishing a clear understanding of what is to be accomplished can be helpful to the interns to fulfill the given tasks. (Rothman, 2007). From the above previous researches we can identify that the Task clarity is positively associated for the successfulness of the internship program. University Perspective Effective Design of the Program Designing an effective internship program may involve many different factors. When a program coordinator is developing Internship In considering the Internship component I feel Ilke there are a lot of opportunities In Quito that support a wide variety of my interests. want to work with a non-profit that works on a grassroots organizing level with the populations that do not fit into the mainstream of Comment: Make sure you specify what sector you would like to work in (business, arts, non-profit, government, etc. ) Comment: Once you have chosen a sector, Is there a specific focus that you would Ilke to work with?Education, grassroots, public service etc. Ecuadorian society. Specifically, an organization that works with internal migration from the Comment: The more specific you are, the better! Andes or Colombia due to Plan Colombia) or with prison populations would be perfect for me. I have significant experience with solidarity organizations but more limited experience with groups that function squarely within marginalized groups and I would like to be able to transfer those skills.Another interest of mine tha t I have done some academic work around but that I would really love to engage further is to look at the gender/race/class implications of the coca industry and the War on Drugs. Populations that are Involved In this are often Indigenous and very poor, and omen occupy a unique position In this ongoing struggle. while In Peru In 2005 1 worked with female prisoners, who were overwhelmingly there because of drug trafficking. Comment: Do you have any past experiences that you feel will prepare you for this internship?Working with people who are struggling to Integrate themselves into cultural norms which they do not naturally fit will compliment the work that will be doing In St. Paul with recent Comment: Mention any on-campus or summer experiences that relate immigrants over the summer and will give me further insight into how race and other identities shift in transition and migration. According to Its website HECUA offers internships with organizations that work with Comment: Do rese arch on past internship!Talk to 1 OF3 tne organlzatlon, or 100K on tnelr weDslte Tor information on past internships – include specifics on the logistics of the internship migration and prisons. Both Casa del Migrante (House of the Migrant) and CEDHU (a Human Rights, Prison Rights group) are on the list of possible placements incorporate education into their framework which is something that is very important to me. Through courses I have taken such as Experiences in Education and Urban PoliticalChange and also work I have done in high school I have come to highly value education as a means for social change. I have worked at the Comment: Discuss past internships that directly relate to your chosen field International Center of New York, and will do similar work at Neighborhood House and both these institutions have developed a commitment to adult education and a desire to connect adults with educational opportunities that will give them both survival skills but also a greate r insight into their situations and the world around them.I also want to work with indigenous populations, specifically the Quechua people, ho Comment: Incorporate your specific academic goals and relate them to your chosen internship make up a large percentage of the populations in both Ecuador and Peru. When I was in Peru I was in an almost entirely Quechua city and I would be very interested in juxtaposing that with a more diverse city in terms of race and class.I am very interested in how indigenous culture transitions into the city. In addition to having worked with Quechua communities in Peru, I also Comment: State your learning goals for the internship have many Quechua Peruvians in my family, and through watching their experience ave developed a keen interest into how that identity is somewhat malleable and how it plays out after leaving a majority Quechua world.Not only do I have personal connections to this group but I have done a considerable amount of research around the Quechua Indians as a social movement in Indigenous People's Movements last year and thus working in an organizing situation side-byside with this population would really compliment my academic research. Comment: Discuss your educational goals and trajectory – what classes have you taken that prepare you for this internship? In closing, tne perTect nt organization Tor me would De one tnat comDlnes polltlcal organizing with community work, i. . one that addresses both the structural and the personal sides of an issue†migration, drug trafficking, etc. An organization like this is what I have trained here at Macalester to admire and I feel like the combination of real world solutions and social critique would teach me a lot and give me an opportunity to contribute. Comment: You should also include any information you have about how the program will grade you on this internship – are you required to keep Journals, write a paper, do a presentation etc?